Immigration, what changes from Mare Nostrum Triton
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The Minister Alfano announced the closure transaction Italian Mare Nostrum, replaced by the European Union known as Triton. The controversies are many and the differences between the two missions unclear. Let’s see some
As of today, the Mediterranean will no longer be “nostrum”. To replace the Italian operation, one year after its opening, there will Triton. A new mission definitely more limited in terms of cost and the means employed, but that will be financed by the EU with EUR 2.9 million a month throughout 2014: we are talking about two-thirds less compared to funds for Mare Nostrum, which amounted to 9.5 million. Yet the confusion is still a lot, both among the general public and professionals. Suffice it to say that nurses volunteer for the Red Cross, according to the National Inspector Monica Dialuce Gambino has not yet been provided with the rules of engagement or more organizational details and no shortage of controversy. But let’s see the differences between the two missions.
Photo: Navy
Mare Nostrum – The website of the Italian Navy is described as a “military operation and humanitarian assistance began October 18, 2013 to cope with the current state of humanitarian emergency in the Strait of Sicily, due to the exceptional influx of migrants. ” The aim was twofold: “ ensure the safety of life at sea “, on the one hand, and on the other “bring to justice all those who profit from the illegal trade of migrants. ” Strongly supported by the government Letta, the decision was made solely as a result of the shipwreck lampedusano October 3, 2013, that killed more than 350 people.
The staff and vessels and aircraft involved were exclusively Italian, specifically the Navy (most) of the Air Force, Carabinieri, Guardia di Finanza and the Harbour. On ships were also a staff for identification of migrants and a group of doctors and nurses for health interventions. The numbers are still uncertain, but according to most sources in the space of a year or so would saved 140,000 .
The Minister Alfano, then re-elected in the subsequent term, you has repeatedly complained that the entire mission was supported entirely by Italy . Now to be paid will be the EU, but the Mare Nostrum was not the only initiative active in the Mediterranean Sea. There were also, to run alongside the operations Hermes and Aeneas and the European Agency Frontex, all active in the fight against irregular immigration coming mainly from Tunisia, Libya and Algeria.
TRITON – The new mission replace all operations active in the Mediterranean, will check European borders and will be managed by Frontex . Participants from 29 countries, although there are not many news about it: so far we only know that it will pay to the EU and countries like Iceland and Finland put in each respectively a ship and a plane. Triton will field a total monthly two ships on the high seas, two coastal patrol, two patrol boats, two planes and a helicopter. Italy will contribute almost half of the media, and the international coordination center will once again be in our area, more precisely in Practice Sea (near Rome).
With the exception of the sources of financing and management (both in Europe), you might think that nothing has changed. But there is a new key , which is the main reason for the disagreement: the funds will not come more close to the Libyan coast to help the migrants, but only patrol the Strait of Sicily and the sea off the coast of Calabria, up to thirty miles from the Italian coast. If unspecified “, search and rescue,” known by the acronym It will , will still go a little further. This action ensures the protection of the coasts of Europe, but it does not work on the coast from which migrants depart: is interested arrival, but not leaving . Thus making the journey even more risky.
In the search and rescue at sea uncertainties increase again. Gil Arias Fernandez, Executive Director of Frontex, a few days ago stated that the operation Triton has as main purpose the border control and not the ‘search and rescue’ those will remain at the center of ‘ Italian operation. And this line was also confirmed by the spokesman of Frontex, Isabella Cooper, recently a guest on the BBC’s Radio4Today .
CONTROVERSY – The list is long: from UNHCR and MSF appeal by Amnesty International, through Save the Children and Caritas . Everyone agrees the end of Mare Nostrum risk to the lives of migrant and consider the issue of sea rescues primary with respect to the “defense” of the border.
But there ‘ are also those who do not agree for reasons diametrically opposed. To be discussed is the position of the United Kingdom , through the voice of its Deputy Foreign Minister Joyce Anelay took the adamant decision not to support Triton. This is because, according to the Cameron government, the operation promotes departures from North Africa , the tragedies at sea and arrive on the European continent: in other words, encourages people to leave. It is not clear why, since Frontex has repeatedly stated that it is not a rescue operation. In addition, it is no longer expected to be part of patrolling the coast of Libya, one would think logically that the journey to be undertaken is potentially even more dangerous.
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